Recognizing the Red Flags of Human Trafficking
Recognizing the Red Flags of Human Trafficking
Recognizing the red flags of human trafficking is critical in identifying victims and intervening to provide help. Trafficking can involve sex trafficking, forced labor, or domestic servitude, and it often occurs in plain sight. Below are common red flags to watch for:
General Indicators of Human Trafficking
1. Lack of Personal Freedom
• The person appears to be under constant control, rarely speaks on their own behalf, or always has someone answering questions for them.
• They are unable to move freely or appear to be restricted from leaving their environment.
2. Unexplained Injuries or Signs of Abuse
• Physical signs such as bruises, burns, or scars that may indicate physical abuse.
• Evidence of malnourishment, exhaustion, or poor personal hygiene.
3. Lack of Identification
• The individual does not have personal identification (e.g., ID, passport) or someone else holds their documents.
• They are unsure of their address, location, or basic personal details.
4. Inconsistencies in Stories
• The individual’s story seems scripted, inconsistent, or rehearsed.
• They are hesitant to share personal details or fearful when answering questions.
5. Signs of Isolation
• The individual is rarely seen in public and may appear to be under surveillance or accompanied by someone at all times.
• They are disconnected from family or friends and may avoid social interaction.
Workplace Indicators (Labor Trafficking)
1. Exploitation at Work
• Long hours without breaks, unsafe working conditions, or lack of proper equipment.
• Being paid very little, not at all, or only in tips.
2. Living Conditions
• Living where they work or in overcrowded, substandard housing provided by their employer.
• No control over their personal finances, earnings, or bank accounts.
3. Fear of Authorities
• Fearful of law enforcement or immigration officials, often due to threats made by their employer.
• Language barriers used as a means of control, preventing communication with outsiders.
Behavioral Signs
1. Fear or Submission
• The individual appears nervous, fearful, or submissive when interacting with others.
• They avoid eye contact or appear overly anxious around certain people.
2. Dependence on Others
• They seem to depend heavily on someone else for transportation, money, housing, or food.
• They are reluctant to discuss their work, conditions, or personal relationships.
3. Avoidance
• Avoiding questions about where they live, work, or how they got to their current location.
• Seeming confused about their current situation or environment.
Red Flags in Minors (Child Trafficking)
1. Unusual Relationships
• A minor with an older “boyfriend” or “girlfriend” who seems controlling.
• Being in the company of unrelated adults who appear overly authoritative or secretive.
2. Absence from School
• Frequent absences or sudden dropouts from school without clear explanation.
3. Signs of Sexual Exploitation
• Wearing age-inappropriate clothing or engaging in behavior that suggests exploitation.
• Carrying large amounts of cash or expensive items without a reasonable explanation.
Sex Trafficking Indicators
1. Signs of Exploitation
• Individuals working in massage parlors, bars, strip clubs, or escort services under coercive conditions.
• Evidence of branding, such as tattoos or scars indicating ownership by a trafficker.
2. Frequent Movement
• Moving frequently between cities or hotels without a clear explanation.
• Reluctance to share information about travel or employment.
Online Red Flags
1. Coercive Communication
• Receiving messages from someone offering a job, modeling contract, or travel opportunities that seem “too good to be true.”
• Being pressured to send explicit photos or personal information online.
2. Secrecy
• Someone maintaining private or secretive communication with individuals online, particularly with strangers.
What to Do If You Suspect Trafficking
If you notice any of these red flags, trust your instincts and take action:
1. Report It:
• Call the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or text “HELP” to 233733.
• Contact local law enforcement, but ensure they have training in handling trafficking cases to avoid retraumatizing victims.
2. Do Not Confront the Suspected Trafficker:
• Confronting a trafficker can put the victim at greater risk of harm. Focus on reporting your observations to professionals.
3. Provide Resources to Victims:
• If it’s safe to do so, provide the trafficking hotline number or connect them to a local shelter or advocacy group.
4. Educate Others:
• Share information on trafficking red flags to help others recognize the signs and take action.
Understanding the signs of human trafficking can make a significant difference in identifying and assisting victims. By remaining vigilant and informed, individuals and communities can play a crucial role in eradicating this crime and supporting survivors.
Dr. Anne Ellis Friesen is an activist, researcher, and Chief Strategy Consultant with over 20 years of experience in social justice and human services. She earned her Doctor of Education in Leadership and has dedicated her career to advocating for survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and human trafficking. (Human Trafficking Now)